When IVF was developed, fresh embryo transfers were the only option available due to the nascent state of cryopreservation technology. Over the past 40 years, advancements in cryopreservation techniques, culture media, and reproductive technologies have significantly improved, making both fresh and frozen embryo transfers commonplace. Nowadays, Frozen embryo transfer (FET) has been more popular in IVF practices because its poteintially higher implatation and pregnancy success rate. However, animal and human studies have shown altered metabolic profile during the early age, the long term effects are still not clear. There are concerns about the long-term metabolic outcomes through FET, including potential risks for metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular problems, the evidence is mixed hence need further reseach to fully understand its potential impacts. 

Effects of embryo freezing on mitochondrial function

​

• Researches have shown altered metabolic profile of IVF embryos, namely warburg effect, potentially contributing to genomic reprogramming and developmental origins of health and disease (DOoHaD). However, long-term metabolic effects of IVF and vitrification on cardiac mitochondria are yet to be discovered.

• We are investigating metabolic alterations in in vitro cultured embryos, with a special focus on mitochondrial function. Also, we are trying to explore the effects of vitrification of mitochondrial function before embryos are implanted. Finally, the long-term outcome of IVF and vitrification would be investigated in offspring cardiac mitochondria. 

• This research will help us better understand human IVF procedure and its limitations.